CCTV Glossary
Cascadia Video Products LLC
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Silicon. - The material of which modern semiconductor devices are made.
Simplex. - In general, it refers to a communications system that can transmit information in one
direction only. In CCTV, simplex is used to describe a method of multiplexer operation where only
one function can be performed at a time, e.g., either recording or playback individually.
Single-mode fiber. - An optical glass fiber that consists of a core of very small diameter. A typical
single-mode fiber used in CCTV has a 9 mm core and a 125 mm outer diameter. Single-mode fiber
has less attenuation and therefore transmits signals at longer distances (up to 70 km). Such fibers
are normally used only with laser sources because of their very small acceptance cone.
Skin effect. -The tendency of alternating current to travel only on the surface of a conductor as its
frequency increases.
Slow scan. - The transmission of a series of frozen images by means of analog or digital signals
over limited bandwidth media, usually telephone.
Smear. - An unwanted side effect of vertical charge transfer in a CCD chip. It shows vertical bright
stripes in places of the image where there are very bright areas. In better cameras smear is
minimized to almost undetectable levels.
SMPTE. - Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.
SMPTE time code. - In video editing, time code that conforms to SMPTE standards. It consists of
an 8-digit number specifying hours: minutes: seconds: frames. Each number identifies one frame
on a videotape. SMPTE time code may be of either the drop-frame or non-drop-frame type.
Snow. - Random noise on the display screen, often resulting from dirty heads or weak broadcast
video reception.
S/N ratio. - See Signal-to-noise ratio.
Spectrum. - In electromagnetics, spectrum refers to the description of a signal’s amplitude versus
its frequency components. In optics, spectrum refers to the light frequencies composing the white
light which can be seen as rainbow colors.
Spectrum analyzer. - An electronic device that can show the spectrum of an electric signal.
SPG. - Sync pulse generator. A source of synchronization pulses.
Split-screen unit (quad compressor). - Equipment that simultaneously displays parts or more
than one image on a single monitor. It usually refers to four quadrants’ display.
Staircase (in television). - Same as color bars. A pattern generated by the TV generator,
consisting of equal width luminance steps of 0, +20, +40, +60, +80, and +100 IRE units and a
constant amplitude chroma signal at color burst phase. Chroma amplitude is selectable at 20 IRE
units (low stairs) or 40 IRE units (high stairs). The staircase pattern is useful for checking linearity
of luminance and chroma gain, differential gain and differential phase.
Start bit. - A bit preceding the group of bits representing a character used to signal the arrival of
the character in asynchronous transmission.
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